A Local Spatial STIRPAT Model for Outdoor NOx Concentrations in the Community of Madrid, Spain

Air pollution control is one of the main challenges facing modern societies. Consequently, estimation population, affluence, and technology impacts on air concentrations (STIRPAT modeling) has become cornerstone environmental decision-making. Spatial effects are not usually included in STIRPAT modeling pollution. However, space matters: accounting for spatial dependencies significantly improves accuracy estimates forecasts, especially (or only) when dealing with small information units rather than large ones (countries, regions, provinces China, counties states USA, etc.). The latter scale typical literature due to difficulties finding data its drivers at a true local scale. Accordingly, this paper double objective. first panel model, being both very also highly autonomous, developed municipalities. second examine whether an Kuznets curve relationship exists between income per capita NOx concentrations. A case study been carried out Autonomous Community Madrid, Spain, municipal level.